Therapeutic Utility of Panna Bhasma: A Classical and Contemporary Review

Abstract

Background: Ratna preparations occupy a unique place in Rasashastra due to their therapeutic potential and rejuvenating properties. Panna (Emerald) is one of the precious gemstones described in Ayurvedic literature. After appropriate purification and incineration (or preparation as Pishti), it is traditionally used in various disorders involving the nervous system, heart, liver, eyes and mental health. Despite its classical importance, a consolidated review of its therapeutic applications is limited. Objective: To critically review the therapeutic utility of Panna Bhasma based on classical Ayurvedic texts and available contemporary literature. Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts including Rasa Tarangini, Ayurveda Prakasha, Rasaratna Samuccaya and published review articles on Ratna preparations were reviewed. Information regarding pharmacological properties, indications and therapeutic applications was compiled and critically analysed. Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences +1 Results: Classical literature attributes Sheeta, Pittahara, Hridya, Medhya, Chakshushya and Rasayana properties to Panna preparations. Therapeutic indications include Pitta disorders, burning sensation, cardiac weakness, anxiety, insomnia, mental fatigue, eye diseases, liver disorders and general debility. Contemporary literature on gemstone preparations suggests potential antioxidant and neuroprotective activities; however, robust clinical evidence specific to Panna Bhasma remains insufficient. Himalayan Journal of Health Sciences +1 Conclusion: Panna Bhasma represents a promising Ratna preparation in Ayurveda with wide therapeutic applications described in classical literature. Well-designed pharmacological and clinical studies are required to validate its efficacy and safety.